Darwin Survey ocean around S. America, 23 years; Genesis Earth day 3, sun,moon day 4
NATGEO-DarwinsSecretNotebooks/#29:00 Coral atoll-31:00 how are islands colonized: birds FEET! Charles Darwin biography (Discovery Education)
fossil Pleistocene (2 M - 10K) 2K kg * 2.2=4400 lbs; Prius=3K.
finches 600 mi (1000 km) w of Ecuador. Darwin expertise barnacles Vampire Finch: annoying but resourceful Darwin and the Galapagos Islands 11 frames
evolve Albinistic tigers: selective inbreeding, trading/migration. Individual don't EVOLVE. http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/albinos.html
drift 1 child homo recessive (lower right)=1/4; inbreeding=true-breeding.
bottleneck Get BOTTLENECK lab, no diversity: BANANA clones. The extinct banana: dangers of genetic fixation
migration SAY gene FLOW migration; DEMOGRAPHICS!
natural_selection descent with modification first mentioned in finches.html.
natural-variation Lactase, aldehyde dehydrogenas
natural-reproductive Not PERFECT selection on fox? Also hearing, smell, sight.
artificial_selection MUSTARDS Turkey foot 4 toes. Collecting turkey semen: it's a dirty job (male cloaca and phallus) Collecting turkey semen Inseminating turkeys: they can't do it (female cloaca: oviduct and poop hole) Inseminating turkeys Caspian Terns cloacal kiss: how they do it Darwin's pigeons: artificial selection
adaptation all about REPRODUCTIVE fit. Not PERFECT face, underside exposed to coyotes, foxes! How mate?
biogeography SAY biogeography! Also Galapagos, Hawaii honeycreepers. Marsupial yolk-type placenta: OPPOSUM.
Gondwana break from Pangaea 200 MYA; S. America shrew opossums Monito del Monte: a South American marsupial Plate tectonics animation
fossil_bird 150 MYA; has TEETH claws! Discovered 2 years after origin, Darwin in 4th edition.
Get BIRD skeleton rm 1305: reptile even though warm-blooded! CLOACA. Dinosaur/bird 4 toes (lost 1), lost teeth!
platypus 5 multiple digits. Hoatzin has claws on wings. Archaeopteryx: the feathered dinosaur Birds Lost Their Teeth over 100 Million Years Ago - genome data December 2014
fossil_fish MARKERS! Can also predict lobe-fins more like frogs; dolphns fish? Ray-finned SKELETON: no arm-like joints. Coelacanth 1938.
anatomical-vestigial Panda bear carnassial teeth (upper premolar + lower molar)
anatomical-homologous Bat ulna=vestigial, Hippo 4 toes, horse 1. Whale 2 limbs, snake/lizard like slug/snail (HOX)
Bird 4 toes, 3 fingers (alula "thumb" is finger 2)
PBS-YourInnerFish 40:40 chick digits, 42:00 Sonic Hedgehog digits Whales and hippos, oh my: show me the intermediate fossils (University of Nebraska State Museum)
anatomical-convergent Bird 4 digits; sunbird=perching 3 toes front, 1 back; hummingbird=Apodiformes (swifts) Analogous bird beaks: convergent evolution between hummingbird and sunbird
anatomical-embryonic 2nd pouch MIDDLE ear.
PBS-YourInnerFish/#26:00 26:00 single egg, 26:30 embryo, 28:04 gill arches (lower jaw, middle ear, voice box); start 17:55 Ichthyostega (not Tiktaalik)
29:30 cold-blooded fish gonads/testicles are inside -> hernia
48:40 Fruit fly 39:50 Sonic Hedgehog gene; 40:40 shapes digits chicks; 42:30 human hand Homologous structures: Hox gene in embryos (What Darwin Didn't Know)
molecular 1 diff human/chimp β chain; beta NO diff 13 MYA! Lamprey 564 MYA see SAVE graph. "www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~jcthomas/JCTHOMAS/Student%20Papers%201996/A.Aslam.html|Human and great ape hemoglobin|U. of Michigan"
perfect These med. ground finches PERFECTLY adapted; drought 1977; BLIND spot!
YT 3:00 - 3:13 is Mockingbird, 5:20 DNA 6:13 Nazca Booby 6:25 nets Galapagos Finch Evolution: Peter and Rosemary Grant Blind spot test: imperfect adaptation for sight
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