cell 500 nm = .5 µm as shown. Eukaryotes 10-100 µm
prokaryotic SAY proteins made by ribosomes (read figure: genetic info=DNA). E. coli, Streptococcus, Salmonella; plasmid=virus
bilayer Hydrocarbon MOLYMOD tail
fluid_mosaic Fluid CHOLESTEROL can fold, fuse.
Plasma membrane: fluid mosaic model Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Disease: genetic defect in membrane protein that transports chloride ions Action of epinephrine (adrenaline): role of beta-adrenergic receptors, diffusion, ATP, glycogen, glucose PLAY Adrenaline ch04: ADP-ATP, liver release glucose from GLYCOGEN (adrenal glands top of kidneys) high blood p.
endomembrane Lysosomes (removed) complete the cycle. Also endosomes, vescicles.
ER review RIBOSOMES in prokaryotes
"within cytoplasm" "little net"; carbohydrate not shown here: glycogen made in LIVER, hydrolize in SER.
Alcohol abuse -> tolerance to other drugs: more smooth ER! Add hydroxyl groups -> soluble.
Golgi transportation/distribution center P Office, carbohydrate chains to proteins; also makes carbohydrates.
mitochondrion Mitochondrial DNA: tracing human ancestry Mitochondrial DNA maternal; no variation; See 3-parent BABY in ch06/sexual_cycle
chloroplast Chloroplasts in Elodea: streaming
vacuole like BLADDER - osmosis, pigments, make poison
cell_wall TOILET ch02/cellulose in fruits/veggies - plants
cytoskeleton Micro & intermediate filaments; Cytoskeleton diversity: microtubules Cell crawling 1: amoeba uses pseudopods Cell crawling 2: neutrophil on the chase Cell crawling 3: fibroblasts on the loose Organelle movement along microtubule: kinesin walking, powered by ATP
PLAY kinesin walking in ch04:
ATP power
diffusion JUICE diffusion: agar binding agent
osmosis Reverse: reclaim wastewater in CA; rm contaminants; pump thru membrane. Desalination Middle East.
osmotic CELERY NaCL. TOILET cellulose . Drink lake or sea water: fish PEE.
Milk of Mg laxative moves water into intestines.
active_transport Proton pump inhibitors (active transport)
endocytosis not INSIDE yet! Influenzavirus A more common than B or C, RNA virus. How a flu virus invades your body: by binding to membrane proteins Endocytosis of LDL Cholesterol: to make new membranes liver LDL receptors rm LDL. Insulin exocytosis from pancreas. Neurotransmitters.
endosymbiosis Example here is mitochondrion. Lynn Margulis 1967; also have ribosomes. Endosymbiosis ; evolution of mitochondrion and chloroplast Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: symbiotic bacteria to the rescue
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7ePre 1=d 2=c 3=c 4=a 5=D
7ePost 1=a 2=d 3=c 4=d 5=c
6=T 7=T? 20=A