atom PENCIL graphite: paper clip steel alloy: FE + C + AL. Cover photo is damselfly. Hydrogen is very reactive: Hindenburg explosion Hydrogen is very reactive: balloon explosion (HHMI)
electrons SAY electricity. Noble helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon. SPDF orbitals.
bond-ionic Na=11; Cl=17 atomic#. IONIC bonds strong! crystal has facets. BRING NaCl demo.
bond-covalent H in atmosphere (0.55ppm) is STABLE H₂! O₂=21%, CO₂=0.039% to fulfill their valence shells
bond-polar SAY ionic is extreme POLAR play:
water_properties SAY hydrophilic, lipids are phobic.
surface_tension This is a fishing spider, 6.6 ml meniscus. Do PREVIEW water creep up paper TOWEL how? Water pulled up a tree due to cohesion Birds dance on water due to surface tension
QH 501.L544 Life/Birds 34:30 Clark's/Western grebe crop. oil in soap (phobic + philic)spreads, break surface tension
water ERROR: figure H⁺ and OH^- are ions, not molecules. Hydrogen⁺ ion=Hydronium H₃O⁺. MOLYMOD. Hydrogen peroxide=H2O2.
Hydrogen fuel cell with PEM technology Tesla lithium-ion laptop cells; PEM=Proton Exchange Membrane
Electrolysis splits water; PEM splits H2 into H+ & e: e goes to cathode via circuit, recombine w H+ & O2.
pH MOLYMOD. negative logarithmic=base(10) power, or exponent. 7 moles=6.02*10²³/l (kg).
Stomach pH 2, blood blood 7.4: milk proteins digested in 1 minute; anti-acid -> food allergy.
Why treat peptic ulcer with anti-acid? Helicobacter pylori!
Alkaline water? Acidosis from exercise. Peptic Ulcer: why 'medications to suppress stomach acid'?
polysaccharides BANANA. Carbo-loading: glyco depletion/loading -> increase insulin/decrease glucose.
monosaccharides Lactose = Glucose + GALACTOSE which is C4 (4th from right) stereoisomer (epimer) of glucose.
Glucose=high glycemic 100, banana 51. Alcohol=C-OH hydroxyl.
Only liver can break down fructose -> triglyceride (fat: plaque in artery), insulin resistance
glucose Eat starch BANANA do you eat glycogen? Yes MEAT glycogen!
sterols Progesterone from LDL. HDL moves excess back to liver.
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) -> mevalonate -> lanosterol -> cholesterol
fats say FATTY acids; oil=liquid! MOLYMOD. Energy density 2X sugars.
proteins Note oxygen: POLAR.
protein-denature HOMESTASIS temp 98.6°F=37°C.
enzyme Say ACTIVE site. All reactions are METABOLISM alive! lactose=glucose+galactose.
This shows 1 substrate -> 2 products.
nucleic_acids sugar=carbohydrate
bases methylation of U=T.
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7ePre  1=B?  2=A!  3=D  4=B?  5=A
7ePost 1=D   2=B?  3=A(carbon 13)  4=A  5=T
       19=A  20=F(It's a base)